Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Technology as connected to new knowledge, resources and high order thinking skills have penetrated classrooms and schools. Personal computers, online services, World Wide Web and other modern technologies have developed the study and change the type of teaching available in the classroom. Now a day, schools obtained technology has their growth and most of these new technologies used even in traditional classrooms. With the variations of learners, new discoveries of technology and plenty of teacher’s idea, modern teaching is one of the solutions to the worldwide demands for the excellence of education.
Background of the study
One method that has been used, often as an accessory to the "traditional classroom". This type of instruction allows students to get more actively involved in the learning and discovery process and can free the instructor to provide more one-on-one assistance. Computers in the classroom can provide students with the opportunity for autonomy and independent exploration, although currently they are being used primarily outside of class. At the elementary school level, students can practice their reading, spelling and arithmetic at a personal computer. At the high school and university levels, students use word processors to write their papers, spread sheets to perform their calculations and databases for library searches, to name just a few of the possible capabilities of the technology.
As the study between traditional teaching and computer aided teaching, the researcher decides to search the comparison of two method of teaching as an effective way to explore the knowledge in the classroom.
Theoretical Framework
CONSTRUCTIVISM THEORY
Constructivism is a theory of learning in which the student uses prior understandings in concert with current experiences to construct, elaborate or restructure their knowledge. The teacher’s role is to support that active process through exploration and dialogue (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996, and Windschitl, 2002). Constructivism is a theory for education, a thought about how learners will acquire best. It does not render even general guidelines about how it should be done in the classroom. It is the responsibility of instructional theorists to take that belief of how students learn and interpret it into a theory. Classroom teachers will take that instructional theory and use it in their classroom where there is another stage of interpretation as teachers must find a practical application, which fits the needs of their specific classrooms. Now a days, teachers use computer as there application tool where students apply there learned topics.
Conceptual Framework
The use of technology for teaching nowadays is gaining popularity in the Philippines since there is availability of equipment. And Earth Science is a subject that doesn’t get too much attention in the Philippines since most of the time it’s given only to the students of higher sections. In this study the researcher decided to create a study about the use of one method of teaching, it is the use of computer system. Unlike the traditional teaching which provide passive explanation for the learners. In computer aided teaching the learner’s allow to explore the application of there skills.
Statement of the problem
This study was set to determine the effectiveness of computer aided teaching to traditional one.
Particularly, the study search for the following questions:
1. What is the traditional way of teaching?
2. What is computer aided teaching?
3. How educators talk about their lessons with the use of modern technology?
4. What are the functions of computer that can lead to successful learning?
5. What are the difference of two method of teacher which are traditional and computer aided?
Hypothesis
Computer in today’s world has really shaped activities in our everyday life. The use of computer in schools and classrooms of various disciplines is tackled
in details stating its role in helping the former system of running the administrative cycle. The students will learn better because of more accurate and visualized instruction on their lessons.
Significance of the study
This study may help us to differentiate traditional way of teaching to computer aided teaching which is relevant to the study of education.
And in this study, we can also determine the effectiveness of technology to educational system, to students and especially to teachers. Solution for the development of one method of teaching, in which learners acquire knowledge in a modern way.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research focuses on the study regarding the comparison of computer aided teaching to traditional way. The resources of the researcher are based on the educators and internet based investigation, to meet the problem about the poor quality of teaching strategy.
The respondents were the freshmen of Bachelor of Secondary Education in University of Caloocan City Main Campus. They were two section who controlled by a professor. Researchers will experiment the two sections of students which consist of 25 students each. This study is for further research on techniques that can be use in teaching to achieve successful learning.
Definition of Terms
CAI- Computer-Aided instruction
Constructivism theory- is a theory of learning in which the student uses prior understandings in concert with current experiences to construct, elaborate or restructure their knowledge.
E-Learning- comprises all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching.
CAL- Computer assisted Learning.
Chapter 2
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Review of Related Literature
Multiple Intelligences
According to Brenda Corpus 2007 on her book of Facilitating Learning, the theory of multiple intelligences (MI) was first described by Howard Gardner in France of Mind (1983). Gardner defines intelligences as “an ability or set of abilities that allows the person to solve a problem or fashion a product that is valued in one or more cultures”. Gardner believes that different intelligences may be independent abilities—a person can be low in one domain area but high in another.
Corpus also emphasized the most current research of Gardner which indicates that there are nine distinct forms of intelligence. These are the tails leading to children’s learning that teachers should address in their classroom all the time. They are:
Visual/Spatial Intelligences (Picture Smart) - learning visually and organizing ideas spatially that seeing concepts in action in order to understand them. It is the ability to “see” things in one’s mind in planning to create product or solve a problem.
Verbal/Linguistic (Word Smart) – leaning through the spoken and written word. This intelligence was always valued in the traditional classroom and in traditional assessment of intelligence and achievement.
Mathematical/Logical (Number Smart/Logic Smart) – learning through reasoning and problem solving. It is also highly valued in the traditional classroom, where students were ask to adapt to logically sequenced delivery of instruction.
Bodily/Kinesthetic (Body Smart) – learning through interaction with one’s environment. This intelligence is not the domain of “overly active” learners. It promotes understanding through concrete experiences.
Musical (Music Smart) – learning through patterns, rhythms, and music. This includes not only auditory learning, but the identification of patterns through all the senses.
Intrapersonal (Self Smart) – learning through feeling, values and attitudes. This is a decidedly affective component of learning through which students place value on what they learn and take ownership for their learning.
Interpersonal (People Smart) – learning through interaction with others. Not the domain of children who are simply “talkative” or “overly social”. This intelligence promotes collaboration and working cooperation with others.
Naturalist (Nature Smart) – learning through classification, categories and hierarchies. The naturalist intelligence picks up the subtle differences in meaning. It is not simply the study of nature; it can be used in all areas of study.
Existential (Spirit Smart) – learning by seeing the “big picture”. This intelligence seeks connection to real world understanding and application of new learning.
Corpus added that while researches on these typologies continue, it is clear that teachers can no longer just teach the text book and it is sensible practice to teach each child according to his/her thinking/learning styles and multiple intelligences.
Review of Related Studies
E-Sci: An Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction
This is the abstract for thesis entitled "E-Sci: An Intelligent Computer Aided Instruction to be used as a Teaching Tool". This thesis is made from a collaboration of four students. What they did is, they created a website that teaches the subject Earth Science. It is an intelligent system in a way that it gives the evaluation exam in a random manner and then the examination database of questions can be expanded. With that feature the system was still able to produce evaluation in an accurate manner. That was the milestone of the system. But then the system does not look so good because their group did not emphasize that much when it comes to the looks.
The authors highlighted that the use of multimedia for teaching nowadays is gaining popularity in the Philippines since there is availability of equipment. And Earth Science is a subject that doesn’t get too much attention in the Philippines since most of the time it’s given only to the students of higher sections. In this study the researchers decided to create a web-based instructional system for the subject and made a comparison between the traditional way of teaching the subject and with the use of the system as a teaching tool. After the completion of the study, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between the traditional way of teaching and with the use of the system. And so the use of such systems for leaning is may recommended to every school. (From http://www.shvoong.com/internet-and-technologies/software/1839076-sci-intelligent-aided-instruction/)
Synthesis
Synthesis
The researcher’s theoretical framework is the Constructivism theory for education. It is an idea about how students will learn best. It does not give general rules about how it should be done in the classroom. So, teachers’ uses the best teaching technique that enable the students acquire learning, whether it is the method traditionally or with the use of modern technology. It is the obligation of teachers to take that expectation of how students learn and interpret it into a lesson. Classroom teachers will take that instructional theory and use it in their classroom where there is another stage of interpretation as teachers must find a practical application, which fits the needs of their specific classrooms. An example for that is the use of computer in every classroom as well as every student. The students will apply their acquired knowledge practically right after the lesson they tackled.
Conceptual Framework
One way of taking many of the advantages of the "traditional" classroom and adding the benefits of the computer technology, is to create a classroom environment that allows instructors to use computers to enhance their lectures. Electronic classrooms, which provide students and instructors with this great opportunity, are currently operating throughout the country and have been met with generally favorable reviews. They are classrooms, often set up in a similar physical manner to the "traditional" classroom, but with multimedia equipment available for lecture and classroom support. An electronic classroom provides each student with a computer at his or her desk in the lecture-style classroom (or in the cases of large classes, a computer for every two students). The students may still face the front of the classroom, although ideally, the design of the room would be changeable for different styles of learning, but have access to their computerized environment all the time during the lecture. This would allow them to look at lecture notes on-line, take notes on-line, access relevant information, run simulations during the lecture and communicate with other students and the teacher. Although this may appear like too many distractions, it would look that uninterested students will find distractions whether in a computerized classroom or not. The question becomes then, how to best utilize this classroom in a lecture-style environment so that the students are interested and will use the computer to its fullest potential during the lecture?
Paradigm
Input Process Output
Feedback
Justification of the study
This research is based own idea of the researcher and there is no duplication of work is done.
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Method
This research is a simple study with the use of descriptive design method.
This research attempted to describe and evaluate the comparison of computer aided learning with traditional way of teaching.
Sampling Techniques and Respondents/Subjects
The researcher selected the respondents by simple random sampling of the freshmen students of University of Caloocan City under the program of Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Technology and Livelihood Education school year 2010 to 2011.
At present, there are two section of first year student under that specified program. And the researcher will pull out ten respondents on each section for them to get easier the information.
Setting/Locale of the Study
The researcher selected University of Caloocan City as the setting of their study for the sake of their convenience. This is one of the local universities in the region and it is manage by the local government of Caloocan City. The University of Caloocan City (UCC) is located in Sangandaan, Caloocan City, Metro Manila, Philippines. UCC-Main is at Sangandaan Annexes, Tandang Sora, Camarin and Buena Park.
Development of Instrument and its Validation
In this research the researcher uses survey-questionnaires to get information easily. Researcher also study different books, magazines and with the use of internet to search data that are presently updated which are needed in the subject of the research.
Data Gathering Procedure
Because this is a simple research which not a requirement to graduate a masteral or doctorate degree, the researcher treat the data by taking only the total percentage of the variable. The questionnaire was finalized by their instructor, distributed and retrieved by the researcher.
Here is an example of the questionnaire.
Dear Respondents,
The researcher is one of the students of University of Caloocan City under the program of Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Technology and Livelihood Education who currently doing a research paper about the “Comparison of computer aided learning to traditional teaching” as meeting the requirements of the course ENG 004, Business Correspondence and Technical Report Writing. In this regard, the researcher will ask a little time to answer the prepared questions that will help in making the study.
Researcher
Name: ___________ (optional)
Course/yr/sec:______________
Direction: Check the box that shows your answer.
1. Is your teacher sometimes uses computer for your discussion?
□ Yes □ No
2. Do you think that the use of computer may boost the interest of the students like you in the lesson?
□ Yes □ No
3. Is your most professors only teach by the use of visual aids and pure verbal discussion?
□ Yes □ No
4. Do you think computer aided instruction may have better causes in the learning of students rather than traditional teaching?
□ Yes □ No
5. As a student, do think that traditional teaching may have similarities in computer aided teaching?
□Yes □ No
□Yes □ No
